Installing a Windows Server Sensor

The Windows Server Sensor (agent) runs as a Windows service in a compatible Windows Server system. The Server Sensor observes events within the Windows Server system and sends Interflow data records to the data processor.

The captured events are:

The Windows Server Sensor provides the following key capabilities:

  • If the sensor has coverage over the domain controller, Stellar Cyber enriches data with the relationship between users and IP addresses.

  • If the sensor has coverage over the DHCP server, Stellar Cyber sees the relationship between hostnames and IP addresses, and so can track assets when the IP address changes.

  • Windows Server Sensor provides the data foundation for Stellar Cyber's machine learning alerts that use the Windows Events index.

    Although you can also provide coverage of Windows logs using other visibility tools such as the ManageEngine Log Collector or Winlogbeat, the logs provided by these tools are not normalized, enriched, and stored in the Windows Events index used for machine learning alert generation (except for ManageEngine ADAudit Plus logs) and cannot be used for machine learning alert generation.

    In addition, the Windows Server Sensor provides the following advantages over alternative solutions:

    • Windows Server Sensor provides easier deployment and maintenance.

    • Windows Server Sensor provides granular filtering at the edge through the Stellar Cyber user interface.

    • By using the Windows Server Sensor, you do not need to deploy another modular sensor to forward logs from ManageEngine or Winlogbeat.

Windows Server Sensor Processes

The Windows Server Sensor launches the following processes:

Name in Task Manager

Name in Services App

Description

aella_conf_win_srv.exe

Windows Agent Sensor Conf

Handles Windows Server Sensor configuration

aella_ctrl_win_srv.exe

Windows Agent Sensor Ctrl

Monitors other services, and can stop or start them based on the configuration

aella_winlog.exe

Windows Agent Sensor Logbeat

Sends Windows events to DP

aella_filebeat.exe

Windows Agent Sensor Filebeat

Sends log files from Windows DHCP server (if installed and running) to DP

aella_fim.exe

Windows Agent Sensor FIM

Provides file integrity monitoring services, as configured in the Sensor Profile

aella_diagnostics_win_srv.exe

Windows Agent Sensor Phonehome

Sends Windows Server Sensor logs to DP

Windows Server Sensor Indices

Data collected by the Windows Server Sensor can feed the following Stellar Cyber indices:

  • Traffic (aella-adr-*)

  • Windows Event Log (aella-wineventlog-*)

  • Sensor Monitoring (aella-ade-*)

Exclude Server Sensor from AV/EDR Scanning

Stellar Cyber recommends that you prevent potential conflicts by configuring any anti-virus or EDR software installed on the same host as the Server Sensor to exclude the Server Sensor installation directories from scanning. The directories to exclude for a Windows Server Sensor are as follows:

Server Sensor Type

Folders/Files to Exclude from AV/EDR Scanning
Windows

C:\ProgramData\Stellarcyber

C:\Program Files\Aella

C:\Windows\Stellar_syswatcher.exe (sensors running pre-4.2.2 versions)

Possible False Positives from FireEye PROCGUARD

During installation of the Windows Server Sensor, it is possible that FireEye PROCGUARD may report the following alert – Attempted LSASS access by aella_conf_win_srv.exe detected. After investigation, Stellar Cyber has determined that this is a false positive and that the aella_conf_win_srv.exe service does not interact with C:\\Windows\\system32\\lsass.exe on the host machine.

About Sysmon in this Release

Releases from 4.2.2 onwards do not download and install the stellar_syswatcher (Microsoft Sysmon64) service due to potential system crashes in certain older operating systems (Windows 2008R2 and 2012, although possibly others).

Note the following:

  • Upgrades of Windows Server Sensors leave the existing version of stellar_syswatcher intact and do not upgrade it. You can continue to use the existing Sysmon service safely.

  • You can install the latest version of Sysmon (v15.14 at this writing) manually if you want the Windows Server Sensor to report Sysmon events to the DP. This is recommend for improving visibility on Windows systems. However, Stellar Cyber strongly recommends that you test your installation in a non-production environment to verify operations before moving to production.

Supported Systems

The Windows Server Sensor is supported on Windows Server 2008 R2, 2012, 2016, 2019, and 2022 21H2 (Server Desktop Experience). The same .msi installation file supports all of these environments. The Server Sensor is only available in 64-bit.

 When the system sleeps, the connection drops, and no data is collected. The connection is re-established when the system wakes. To avoid this, configure Windows to Never sleep.

The host Windows Server into which the Windows Server Sensor is installed must meet the following minimum requirements, regardless of whether it is a physical or virtual server:

Component Specification
Host CPU Xeon Core 2 virtual cores (2.0 GHz or more)
Host RAM (GB) 8
Host SSD (GB) 128
OS Windows Server 2008 R2, 2012, 2016, 2019, or 2022 21H2 (Server Desktop Experience)

Update Windows Server Software Before Installing Windows Server Sensor

It's a good idea to use Windows Update to make sure your Windows Server software is up to date before installing the Windows Server Sensor. For example:

  • The Windows Server Sensor software includes the AI_ChainedPackageFile.vc_redist.x64.exe redistributable from Microsoft. Successful installation of this redistributable requires the following prerequisites from Microsoft, installed either in the order below or as part of a standalone package (KB2919355 is a prerequisite of KB2999226).

    1. KB2919355

    2. KB2999226

PowerShell Requirements for 4.3.x Releases

Depending on the Windows Server Sensor version you are installing or upgrading to, PowerShell may or may not be required:

  • Starting with the 4.3.4 release, PowerShell is no longer required for Windows Server Sensor installs or upgrades.

    • You can perform a clean installation of the 4.3.4+ Windows Server Sensor on a target system without PowerShell installed.

    • The 4.3.1, 4.3.2, and 4.3.3 versions are all supported for direct upgrades to 4.3.4+. Each of these versions required PowerShell for its initial installation. You can still upgrade these versions directly to 4.3.4+ even if PowerShell was removed after the 4.3.1/4.3.2/4.3.3 sensor was installed.

    • If you must perform an interim upgrade to a pre-4.3.4 version before upgrading to 4.3.4+, PowerShell must remain installed until the version to which you are upgrading no longer requires it (4.3.4 and later)

  • For all pre-4.3.4 versions, the host Windows Server must be running PowerShell 2.0 or greater. In nearly all cases, a supported Window Server version will already have a version of PowerShell installed by default that meets this requirement. If for some reason, however, your Windows Server is not running PowerShell 2.0 or greater (for example, due to a Windows Group Policy Objects exclusion), the Server Sensor installation will fail with details in the installation logs.

Open Firewall Ports

The sensor requires open firewall ports in order to communicate.

Obtaining the Windows Server Sensor Installer

The Server Sensor is distributed as an MSI file. There are two methods for acquiring the software install package. The same software is delivered with either method.

From Production Web Server

The software can be downloaded from the production server directly by using one of the following URLs.

Contact Stellar Cyber support (support@stellarcyber.ai) for login credentials.

Installation links point to the most recent release. To download a different version, simply substitute the version you want for the version specified in the link.

The file is saved to the local Downloads folder.

From the Stellar Cyber UI

The MSI file to install the Windows Server Sensor can also be downloaded directly from Stellar Cyber via the System | Deployment | Agents main menu options. On the screen that displays, select the Windows tab. The screen will appear as in the following image.

Complete the fields and then click the Agent Installer button. The file is saved in the local Downloads folder.

Alternatively, you can use the Configuration/MST button to download a pre-configured MST file which can be used to load the Server Sensor via the Group Policy Object feature of Active Directory.

This feature is described on the Agent page.

Installation

Use the following procedure to install the Windows Server Sensor after you download the msi file:

During the installation, a Windows command prompt window may appear. Do not close this window manually – the installation wizard closes it automatically when the installation is complete.

To avoid installation issues, complete any pending updates for the host Windows machine before upgrading the Server Sensor.

  1. Open the Downloads folder.
  2. Right-click the msi file.
  3. Select Properties. The Properties window opens.
  4. Click Unblock in the Security section. Some Windows systems automatically block files you download.
  5. Click OK.

  6. Double-click the msi file to open it and start the installation.

    If you see a dialog box asking you to verify that you want to run this file, click Run.

  7. Choose the path for the agent installation when prompted by the installer.

    The only supported path is C:\Program Files\Aella. An error message occurs if you try to install at a different path.

  8. The Set Initial Sensor Configuration screen appears, allowing you to specify basic communication options for the sensor.

    As illustrated above, there are two options:

    • Token – Use this option if you have a token from the System | Sensor Installation page's Tokens tab on the Stellar Cyber platform. Tokens point the installed sensor at the correct Stellar Cyber platform, identify the tenant for the sensor, and authorize the sensor installation.

      Both the Sensor Installation page and the Tokens tab only appear in Stellar Cyber versions with an "s" in their version number (for example, 5.2.0s). If these pages do not appear in your platform, you probably do not have a token and must use the CM options, below, instead.

    • CM – Use this option to specify the IP address/hostname of the managing Stellar Cyber platform manually, as well as the Tenant ID. Set the following options:

      • CM Address – Specify the IP address of the DP managing the Server Sensor. The agent will automatically add itself to the DP specified here in the Collect | Sensor Overview page.

      • Tenant ID – If this sensor is to be assigned to a tenant, you can specify the Tenant's ID here. You can get the Tenant from the User Management screen. If you do not specify a tenant, the sensor is assigned to the root tenant.

      Note that any options you don't specify in the dialog box can be set later on from the Server Sensor CLI.

  9. (Optional) Specify the primary and secondary aggregators for the Server Sensor:

    • Primary Aggregator – If you are configuring this Server Sensor to forward data to an aggregator before it is sent to the DP, you can enter the primary aggregator's IP address here.

    • Secondary Aggregator – If you are configuring this Server Sensor to forward data to an aggregator, you can enter the secondary aggregator's IP address here.

    The wizard does not prevent you from specifying a Secondary Aggregator if the Primary Aggregator is left empty. However, a Secondary Aggregator specified without a Primary Aggregator is ignored and not applied to the installation.

  10. When you have finished configuring the settings, click Next.

  11. Click Install to begin Server Sensor installation.

  12. The installer installs the Server Sensor. Click Finish to complete the installation when prompted.

    When complete, the Server Sensor is installed as a service.

To verify the installation:

  1. Open the Services app.

  2. Look for Windows Agent Sensor Ctrl.

Configuring the Server Sensor in the CLI

The Server Sensor installation wizard provides you with the ability to configure the IP address of the sensor's CM (the Stellar Cyber platform) and its tenant assignment, if any. If you did not set these options from the installation wizard, you can do so using the Server Sensor's CLI.

To run the Server Sensor's CLI, find the Windows Agent Sensor Command Line Interface entry in the Windows Start Menu. If it does not appear at first, use the Find function.

After starting the Windows Server Sensor CLI, a terminal window appears as below. This window lets you enter CLI commands to the Server Sensor. Enter the show version command to verify the functioning of the sensor. In response, the sensor displays output similar to the following:

Use the CLI to configure the following settings:

  1. If the sensor is to be assigned to a tenant and you didn't specify the ID in the installation wizard, enter the command set tenant_id <tenant-id> where the <tenant-id> is replaced by the tenant ID.
  2. Enter show cm to see if the DP's address is already configured. If it is not, use the set cm <ip-addr> command to specify the IP address the agent uses to reach the management interface of the Data Processor. For a DP cluster, this is the IP address of the DL-master's management interface. For a single DP deployment, this is simply the DP's management IP address. You can supply either an IP address or a DNS name for the <ip-addr>.

  3. If the sensor has coverage over the DHCP server, you can send the DHCP server logs to a modular sensor with the log forwarder feature enabled so that they can be used to enrich assets with DHCP data. Use the following command to forward DHCP logs to a specified modular sensor:

    set dhcp_log enable ip <sensor ip address>

    For the <sensor ip address>, supply the IP address of a modular sensor with the log forwarder feature enabled in its sensor profile.

    To use this feature, you must open port 5044 for DHCP beats in any firewalls between the Server Sensor and the receiving modular sensor.

  4. Verify the data entry with the show version command.
  5. Enter the quit command to close the CLI.

Authorizing the Server Sensor

You must authorize the sensor when it appears in the network.

 You can authorize multiple sensors at a time. So if you're installing multiple sensors, install them all, then authorize them all at once.

Upgrading the Server Sensor

Stellar Cyber recommends that you upgrade the Server Sensor from the Sensor Overview page using these instructions.

Note that when you upgrade a Windows Server Sensor from the Sensor Overview page, all configuration settings are preserved across the upgrade, including the CM IP address, aggregator addresses, tenant ID, log level settings, and DHCP server log settings.

Downgrading the Server Sensor

You cannot install an old Windows Server Sensor over a newer version. To downgrade a Windows Server Sensor:

  1. Uninstall the existing Windows Server Sensor.
  2. Install the older version.

Uninstalling the Server Sensor

Stellar Cyber recommends that you remove the Windows Server Sensor using the Change button in the Programs and Features control panel instead of the Uninstall button.

Using the Change button gives you access to the following additional uninstall options that ensure the program and all its data are removed completely:

  • Remove Data Files

  • Remove Scheduler Task

If you are planning on reinstalling the Windows Server Sensor, Stellar Cyber recommends that you leave these items unchecked.

If you want to uninstall completely, you should check these boxes.

During the uninstallation, a Windows command prompt window may appear. Do not close this window manually – it closes automatically when the uninstallation is complete.

Installing Microsoft Sysmon Manually

As described in About Sysmon in this Release, the 5.2.0 release of the Windows Server Sensor does not install the Sysmon service with stellar_syswatcher. Use the following procedure to download Sysmon from Microsoft, install it manually, and verify operations:

  1. Install and authorize 5.2.0 of the Windows Server Sensor using the instructions earlier in this topic.

  2. Download the latest version of Sysmon from Microsoft and extract it to the system where you want to install it.

  3. Install Sysmon64 with the stellar_syswatcher.xml configuration file.

  4. Restart the winlogbeat service.

    If you install sysmon after the Windows Server Sensor, you must restart the winlogbeat service so that it works with Sysmon. If you install Sysmon before the Windows Server Sensor, Sysmon works with winlogbeat without a restart.

  5. Verify that Sysmon64 is installed correctly.

  6. Verify that Sysmon events are received properly in the DP's aella-adr index.

Install Sysmon64 with stellar_syswatcher

After downloading and unzipping the installer for Sysmon64 to the target system, you can install it as follows:

  1. Open a command prompt as an administrator (right-click the cmd.exe file in Windows Explorer and choose Run as administrator).

  2. Change directories to the directory where you unzipped the Sysmon64.exe installer.

  3. Install Sysmon64.exe with the stellar_syswatcher.xml configuration file using the following command:

    Sysmon64.exe -accepteula -i "c:\ProgramData\StellarCyber\Windows Agent Sensor\config\stellar_syswatcher.xml"

    In response, the system installs and starts the Sysmon64 utility:

Restart the winlogbeat Service if the Windows Server Sensor is Already Installed

  • If you install Sysmon after the Windows Server Sensor, you must restart the winlogbeat service so that it works with Sysmon.

  • If you install Sysmon before the Windows Server Sensor, Sysmon works with winlogbeat without a restart.

Verify Sysmon64 Installation

You can verify that Sysmon64 was installed correctly by performing the following tasks:

  1. Open the Task Manager (Ctrl-Alt-Del -> Task Manager) and verify that the Sysmon64 service appears in the list.

  2. Return to the command prompt and run sysmon64.exe -c to view its current configuration. Verify that the configuration you see matches the configuration shown below:

  3. Open the Windows Event Viewer and navigate to the following path in the left navigation pane:

    Applications and Services Logs | Microsoft | Windows | Sysmon | Operational

  4. Verify that Network connection detected (Event ID 3) events appear in the list as highlighted in the figure below:

Verify Sysmon Events are Received on DP

You can verify that the manually installed Sysmon64 service is successfully sending events to the DP with the following procedure:

  1. Connect to the DP managing the Windows Server Sensor and navigate to the System | Collection | Sensors page.

  2. Take note of the name of the sensor where you installed the Sysmon64 service. For example:

  3. Navigate to the Investigate | Threat Hunting page.

  4. Set the Indices dropdown to Windows Events.

  5. Locate the Top Log Source Classes panel and verify that it includes Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon, as in the figure below:

  6. Click the button next to the entry for Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon in the Legend to use it as a filter. For example:

  7. Scroll down to the Documents table.

  8. Use the Change Columns button to add the Sensor column to the display if it is not already there.

  9. Sort by the Sensor column and scroll to the entries for the sensor you identified at the start of this procedure to verify that it passes the Sysmon filter. For example:

Preventing Sysmon Event ID 10 from aella_conf_win_srv.exe

As described in Installing Microsoft Sysmon Manually, Stellar Cyber provides the Windows Server Sensor with a stellar_syswatcher.xml configuration file that you use as part of a manual installation of Sysmon to configure its settings for use with Stellar Cyber.

Starting with the 5.2.0 release, the settings in the stellar_syswatcher.xml configuration file ensure that calls from the Windows Server Sensor's aella_conf_win_srv.exe process are excluded from system reporting when requesting permissions from Windows LSASS. This prevents the generation of Event ID 10 for aella_conf_win_srv.exe from Sysmon. Simply installing Sysmon with the stellar_syswatcher.xml configuration file provided in 5.2.0 and later ensures that these events are not generated.

If you installed your Windows Server Sensor before 5.2.0, it is possible that you may see excessive instances of Event ID 10 from aella_conf_win_srv.exe reported by Sysmon. You can prevent this by reconfiguring the active Sysmon settings, either with assistance from Stellar Cyber Customer Success or by yourself using the instructions below:

  • Contact Stellar Cyber Customer Success for assistance in reconfiguring the active Sysmon configuration manually.

  • Reconfigure the Sysmon settings manually yourself as follows:

    1. Download a 5.2.0+ Windows Server Sensor from the Stellar Cyber Platform and install it temporarily on a host separate from the Server Sensor whose settings you want to reconfigure.

    2. Copy the c:\ProgramData\StellarCyber\Windows Agent Sensor\config\stellar_syswatcher.xml file from the fresh installation to the Server Sensor whose sysmon settings you want to reconfigure.

    3. Use the following command to reconfigure an active Sysmon with the configuration file you just copied over. In this example, we copied stellar_syswatcher.xml from a freshly installed system to c:\windows on our target machine:

      sysmon -c c:\windows\stellar_syswatcher.xml